There are several possibilities, see rule about draws.

Yes.

No.

No.

No.

No.

Yes.

If you cannot escape a check, then the situation is actually a checkmate, not just a check.

If you think there is no way for you to win, or at least get a draw, you can resign the game by clearly letting the other player know that you give up. Resigning means you lose the game.

You simply need to evaluate all the possible moves and if there is no way for either player to advance the game situation through their moves, it's a dead position. In this situation the game ends immediately in a draw.

A stalemate.

Yes.

No.

If you are able to escape, then the situation was only a check, not a checkmate.

Only under certain conditions.

No.

Castling can only be done with a king and a rook that haven't yet moved. After the first castling the king has moved and can no longer do castling.

Once per game.

The game ends immediately either in a checkmate or a draw.

Yes.

No.

Yes.

Not automatically.

Queen is a powerful game piece, but it's still just a game piece. You could still have a competitive set of pieces on the board. Remember you can promote a pawn to a queen when it reaches its 8th rank.

Yes.

Technically the maximum number of queens you could have is 9, if you could managed to promote all 8 pawns into queens. This however is very, very unlikely.

Yes, when you promote pawns into additional queens.

Yes.

No.

A game of chess ends when a player's king is in checkmate, an inescapable situation.

Only when castling.

No.

Making a check with your king would put your own king into harm's way which is illegal in chess.

Yes.

Yes.

No.

Player with the white pieces going first is a long custom in chess, kind of a "the youngest player starts" rule. Typically chess strategy guides and examples are made from this perspective and it'd be confusing to change this as board layout is also different for each player (white queen is to the left of the king, while black queen is to the right of the king).

Yes.

Queens are placed to the squares with their matching color, both on file e.

So that both players have a white square on their right corner. For white player it should be h1 and for black a8.

The are as valuable.

The are as valuable.

No.

Yes.

The queen.

En passant was added at the same time with the two-square advance opening move. It prevents a pawn from using the two-square advance to pass an adjacent enemy pawn without the risk of being captured.

A specific capture a pawn can perform.

White.

Pawns move one square with the exception of the pawn's first move, which can be two squares.

Check is a situation where the other player is threatening to capture your king. You must play your turn so that your king is no longer in check.

If a player's king is placed in check and there is no legal move that player can make to escape check, then the king is said to be checkmated.

Stalemate is a situation in the game of chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal move.

Typically a player can suggest a draw after they have finished their move.

Bishop has a cut so it's easy to tell apart from a Pawn, which in some Chess sets look very similar.

No, only diagonally.

Only when capturing.

Pawn can move diagonally only when capturing, and only to the next rank (Pawns cannot move backwards).

In official competitions, you have to move a game piece if you touched it in an intention to move it. The only exception is that if the game piece cannot be legally moved. In casual games you don't have to move a piece even if you touched it. However, you shouldn't unnecessarily touch the game pieces.

After you have made your move and have let go of your game piece, you cannot undo your move. The only exception is that if your move was illegal, in which case you must undo it and play a legal move.

It depends.

Castling can only be done if the King and the Rook doing the castling have not been moved yet. It doesn't matter if the other Rook has been moved.

No.

Castling can only be done if the King and the Rook doing the castling have not been moved yet. It doesn't matter if the other Rook has been moved.

The Queen's Gambit is the chess opening that starts with the moves: 1. d4 d5 2. c4 It is one of the oldest openings and is still commonly played today. It is traditionally described as a gambit because White appears to sacrifice the c-pawn; however, this could be considered a misnomer as Black cannot retain the pawn without incurring a disadvantage.